The Concept of Social Psychology Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The criticalness of an investigative understanding of partiality and bigotry, diverse methodologies to the definition and conceptualization of bias, and the connection of preference and conduct are acknowledged by John Duckitt. John Duckitt additionally helps a novel verifiable dissection of social exploratory understandings of preference. He incorporates a generally confounding mass of prominent hypotheses and viewpoints into a cognizant illustrative skeleton and forms this into a systemic multilevel methodology to the issue of diminishing bias in the public arena and people. From Duckitt's viewpoint, partialities are wonderful not in their presence, yet in their universality the simplicity with which they could be excited, their assortment of interpretation, and the diligence with which they are held. He shows that, in spite of the fact that it is impossible that the general mental procedures which underlie an essential affinity for bias could be changed, the degree to which they come to be communicated might be: at the level of social structure and intergroup relations, in the social impacts to which people are uncovered, and in singular weakness. "The Social Psychology of Prejudice" will be of specific utilization to social researchers in the fields of brain science, humanism, political science, and human studies. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Social Psychology or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now (Duckett 301). Rupert Brown in his book, Prejudice: Its Social Psychology defines ethnic prejudice as a type of hatred which is based on a bias against a group of people or an individual just because he/she is part of that group. (Brown 4) (For, example, a white man may have certain fixed notions toward a black man or vice versa). In the visual aid, we explore the notions of racism. How, a racist word coming from a black person to other is acceptable, but is met with violence and taken as offensive when it is unknowingly said by a non-black person.

Analysis Of Morisons Online Retail Platform And The...

I. Introduction Morrisons has one of the largest chains of supermarkets in the UK. It is the fourth largest retail chain in the country with headquarters in Bradford-England. William Morrison founded the company in 1899, thus giving it the abbreviation Wm. The company had a dominant presence in northern England before 2004. However, the Safeway takeover increased the company’s presence in parts of South East England, Scotland as well as Wales. The company has grown the number of its superstores to over 530, with a further 120 M local stores in Wales, Scotland and England. Morrisons runs an online retail store for its customers and offers home delivery services for groceries around the UK. This report offers an analysis of Morisons’ online†¦show more content†¦In many megastores and supermarkets around the UK, it is common for customers to circle around in search of parking spots before going for shopping. Home delivery services save customers discouraging inconveniences. In fact, before getting to the supermarkets, customers usually have fought their way through the busy traffic, just to come and miss parking space. Home delivery services offered by Morrisons eliminate the need for customers to make long ques at the billing counter during the rush hours of the day. Additionally, shoppers do not have to struggle loading their weekly grocery supplies into their car, especially for customers with limited physical ability such as the elderly, expectant women and the physically challenged. By letting shoppers avoid the heavy traffic to and from the grocery stores, Morrison customers are able to save a lot of time through the home delivery services that the company offers. For many shoppers, time and convenience is just as important as being able to save money when purchasing groceries. People have various tasks that they perform during the day, for example housework, picking up children from school and attending meetings. Therefore, offering a service that saves them from going physically to supermarkets is a big plus for Morrisons customers. Online grocery services provide a rescue for busy parents and couples. Another advantage of online

1984 Socialism Essay Example For Students

1984 Socialism Essay 1984 SocialismEric Blair, known to his readers under the English pen name of George Orwell (1903-1950), was a man familiar with the roles of government.He served with the British government in Burma under the Indian Imperial Police.Returning to his European roots, Orwell also sided with the Spanish government as he fought with the Loyalists in their civil war.It wasnt until he wrote professionally as a political writer that Orwells ideas of government were fully expressed.Orwell, in his political writings, was extremely contradictory.He was a critic of communism, yet he also considered himself a Socialist.He had hatred toward intellectuals, but he too was a political writer.It is only natural that a man of paradoxes would write of them.In his novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell develops his Socialist Utopia as a paradoxical society that ultimately succeeds rather than flounders. The society that Orwell creates is full of paradoxes that existed all the way up to its origins.The founders of the new lifestyle, known as the revolutionaries of the mid-twentieth century, leads the public to believe false intentions of revolt, as these purposes soon become exact opposite outcomes.The original designers seek to create an ideal social order out of England that is beneficial to all.Marin Kessler, a literary essayist, agrees that these utopianshad hoped to construct a perfect society in which men and women could enjoy that ultimate degree of happiness which, it was implied denied through the folly and wickedness of their present rulers (304).Besides being founded on the concept of a Utopia, the revolutionaries believe they could achieve their goals through Ingsoc, a variation on English socialism (named justly).The main concept of socialism is its stress on social equality, so much that the government distributes any possessions equally.In reality, this policy sought t o destroy individual property, instead emphasizing collective property, owned by the government for the ultimate purpose of equality.Socialism is also often considered the politics of the working class and lower regime, since they actually benefited from it.Although the founders claim to create a socialist Utopia with its respective freedoms, the society of Oceania they create is exactly the opposite of their original principles.OBrien, a major contributor to the government organization known as the Party, describes the contradictory characteristics of the world power of Oceania, Do you begin to see then, what kind of world we are creating?It is the exact opposite of the stupid hedonistic Utopias that the old reformers imaginedThe old civilizations claimed they were founded upon love and justice.Ours is founded upon hatred (Nineteen Eighty-Four 220).Oceania is anything but socialist; it is rather a totalitarian empire.The Party is all-powerful in this nation and limits the peoples o wn power as well.Oceanias people are oppressed by the government that is supposed to be protecting them and their rights.Orwell foresaw the approach of a totalist society from which faith, custom, common sense, justice, order, freedom, brotherhood, art, literature, and even sexual love would be eradicated, declares literary critic Russell Kirk.The new socialist oligarchy would live for the intoxication of brutal power (311).Every action and policy of the Party demonstrates its oppressiveness.The Party destroys the concept of privacy via the telescreen, an instrument used to transmit and receive images.The Party conceals the truth and only tells lies to its people through the controlled media.The Party destroys a language as it evolves English into Newspeak, a language limited in abstract ideas.The Party outlaws the act of sexual intercourse and procreation.The most horrific violation of natural rights is the Partys prohibition of individuality.Although there are no written laws in O ceania, there is only one true offense: opposing the Party.Socialism attempts to create a society with only one true social order, so that all members are equal parts.Oceania, on the other hand, is composed of three real class orders with the top oppressing the other two. A work entitled The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism, more simply known to the Oceanic public as the book, describes the true class structure: At the apex of the pyramid comes Big Brother.Big Brother is infallible and all-powerfulBelow Big Brother comes the Inner Party, its numbers limited to six millions, or something less then two percent of the population of Oceania.Below the Inner Party comes the Outer Party, which, if the Inner Part..y is described as the brain of the State, may be justly likened to the hands.Below that come the dumb masses whom we habitually refer to as the proles, numbering perhaps eighty-five percent of the population.In terms of our earlier classification, the proles are th e Low, whoare not a permanent or necessary part of the structure. (171-172). .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c , .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .postImageUrl , .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c , .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c:hover , .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c:visited , .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c:active { border:0!important; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c:active , .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5be304d47e026a4dc6ee3137b2a2c08c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Diary of Anne Frank EssayThe Party of Oceania completely rejects the class structure that Socialism is founded on.Oceania is more a monarchy than that of a Socialist society, with Big Brother as its immortal and superhuman king; the Party is the nobility class and the proles, mere peasants.Additionally, Socialism is the politics of the proletarians, the working class of a society, differing immensely from the Oceanic structure as the proles are exactly those who are neglected and oppressed.All of the goals the founders sought to bestow upon their supposed, Socialist Utopia do not even imitate those actually outcomes.These intentions, therefore, play a major paradoxical role in this mixed up society. Although the origins of Oceania are paradoxes, the institutions that make up this massive power are also baffling.The most notable signs of paradox to indicate that its establishments are also paradoxical are literally contained in the Partys slogan: War is Peace.Freedom is slavery.Ignorance is strength (7).Even though this slogan appears irrational, it is due to the fact that it is devised by an irrational and contracting government.The paradoxical government represents the philosophies of that government.The Partys entire existence lies upon one ultimate paradox, Doublethink. Doublethink is the ultimate paradox, because as its name suggests it is the philosophy of holding a double meaning, two ideas that are contradictory to one another.It would be impossible, however, for the repressive dictatorship to realize the full benefitswithout DoublethinkWithout Doublethink the party would not function, explains expert on politics Martin Kessler.For, when the party intellectual lies, it is essential that he both know that he is tampering with reality and at the same time genuinely believe in his lie (306).Since the philosophies of Oceanic government are paradoxical, it is no surprise that its four major institution are as well.The Ministry of Truth, which tells little of it, is responsible for all forms of news, entertainment, education, and fine arts.In reality, the Minitrue, as translated in Newspeak, falsifies all information and media exposed to the public, destroying any details hinting otherwise.The Ministry of Peace (Minipax) deals only with waging war, rather than keeping peace since Oceania was always in combat with either Eastasia or Eurasia, the only two other superpowers.The Ministry of Love (Miniluv) offers little compassion whatsoever, because they were responsible for punishing and even vaporizing people with even a hint at anything against the Party.The majority of those sent to the Miniluv by the Thought Police are truly guilty of nothing.Lastly, the Ministry of Plenty (Miniplenty) is contradictory to its name, because although its job is to supply the public with economic goods, it rarely distributes anything to keep the power and property within the Party (8).The institutions within the Ocenic society are mere paradoxes of the society as a whole. Even more paradoxes exist within the Partys primary ways of ruling the continental power of Oceania.Its contradictory methods and instruments used for managing demonstrate the true paradox of the society.The technology and use of the telesceen exhibits many paradoxical qualities.This device, while seeming like an entertainment, is able to cause more suffering than pleasure.It is an oppressive instrument that completely abolishes the concept of privacy as the people that are forced to hear and see the television screen can themselves be heard and seen at all times under constant supervision even while sleeping or in the bathroom, according to writer Issaac Asimov (315).The utilization of the telescreen becomes unpleasurable when it makes it easier for the Party to catch one in any act suspicious to it.The Paradox arises even in its mechanism as it transmits propaganda to the people like a television, but at the same time it receives images of the people like a camera.The true paradox arises, because there may have to be five watchers for every person watched.And then, of course, the watchers must themselves be watched, since no one in the Orwellian world is suspicion-free (Asimov 315).It is a wonder how such a technology is able to work, as the philosophies of the Party must be broken at one point.

Product development in resto bar free essay sample

Arellano University 2600 Legarda St. Sampaloc, Manila School of Hospitality and Tourism Management In partial fulfilment of Requirements In Methods of Research Submitted to: Mrs. Racquel Salvador Submitted by: Renato C. Ty Jr. Jashua Rocky Santos Froilan G. LLovit Rudolf T. Retuya Paul Mikki V. Manuel Chapter 1 Problem and its Background Introduction Talking about food habits and taste every household in this era has changed a lot. Regarding this, many trading activities are growing up such as hotels, restaurants, and business organizations. Such organizations have their own reputation to build up and their own brand towards the market and the customers. All these trading activities depend on the service on the service quality and the customer satisfaction which are the main themes of this research to elaborate. Both service quality and customer satisfaction are important from the point of view of marketing in terms of sellers and buyers. Cyberspace has forced the world to see things in different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Product development in resto bar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has shrunk the world and we are now witnessing true globalization. It means that people have access to information, products and services worldwide, at the click of a button. We are in the â€Å" third wave† according to Alvin Toffler, the futurist. He believes that society moved from a traditional agrarian society to an industrial one, after the industrial revolution in the late 18th century. The customer is the centerpiece of the service age. The golden platform from which it operates are: First English is the primary language. Then most transactions in future will be by Visa/Master cards. Lastly the US Dollar will be the common currency, though seriously challenged in future by economic blocs like European Common Market with the Euro. Traditional Organization Structure The change in the new millennium have broken down bureaucratic structures and redefined them. The frontline service personnel, like servers, counter sales persons or host are now the kings and queens. It comes from the belief that it is they who crate guest experiences. The frontline has been empowered with decision making authority. The corporate, management and specialists will now support the front-line staff to create effective guest experiences. Policies and procedures have been redrawn to meet the new structures and challenges. Background Mixology trends to become the new standard the key to a food bottled cocktails is creating something that has the perfect balanced between alcohol and citrus or sugar that’s added. Nitro infusions or molecular mixology brings science to the shaker to create new flavours, textures and surprising presentations that enhance the overall drinking experience. This trend gives back to the community, eliminates carbon footprints and provides the freshest ingredients for customers. The purpose is to change the cocktail’s character and flavour, ultimately mellowing the mix in the same way wines and distilled spirits are aged. This trend goes beyond just vermouth with integration of house made bitters and syrups into cocktail programs. Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework: IPO (Input, Process and Output Input Process Output Aur Statement of the Problem: 1. What is demographic profile in terms of : 1. 1. Gender 1. 2. Age 1. 3. Year Level 2. How does respondent asses bar mixology practices in terms of: 2. 1. Flaring 2. 2. Mixing 2. 3. Bartending 3. How does respondent asses in bar mixology of flaring in terms of: 3. 1. Tricks/Exhibitions 3. 2. Entertainment 3. 3. Promoting 3. 4. Skills 4. How does respondents appraise bar mixology the stability of equipment and tools: 4. 1. Menu 4. 2. Bar Equipments 4. 3. Facilities 5. How does respondents appraise the accommodations in terms of: 5. 1. Security 5. 2. Servers Approach 5. 3. Space Area 5. 4. Ambiance 5. 5. Lights/Sound Equipments 6. How does respondents attain the quality items in: 6. 1. Foods/Dishes 6. 2. Liquors 6. 3. Non-Alcoholic Drinks/Cocktails 7. How does respondent appraise the different activities in terms of : 7. 1. Beer Pong 7. 2. Party Nights 7. 3. Live Bands Objective of the Study To be able to appraise bar mixology practices in terms of flaring , mixing and bartending. To be able to asses to bar mixology flaring in terms of tricks/exhibitions, entertainment , promoting and skills. To be able to appraise bar mixology the stability of equipments and tools menu, bar equipments and facilities. To be able to appraise the accommodations in terms of security, servers approach , space area , ambiance , light/sounds equipments. To be able to attain the quality of items in foods/dishes, liquors and non-alcoholic drinks/cocktails. To be able to appraise the different activities in terms of beer pongs, party nights and live bands. Significance of the Study Students, This study will provide reference or guide in creating their program. It will also help students taking HRM course to identify the best strategies on how to develop product and services of every establishment. Faculty, This study proposed study will assist faculty to have a deeper understanding about Bar Mixologies. Future Researchers. This study will benefit the future researcher as supplementary data to guide a research. Scope and Limitation of the Study Subject: This study is all about the product development in bar mixologies whereas, focusing on developing different areas in Resto-Bar. Setting: the survey was conducted in selected Resto-Bar in Quezon City. Respondents: The respondents of our survey consist from Arellano University students of Hotel Restaurants Management and Computer science students. Most of the guests in resto-bar are male better than female. Within average of 17 to 25 years old. Instrumentation: The researcher used survey questionnaire to get the data. the method is commonly used method of gathering information because it is less costly way to reach more people, including people at some distance. Depending upon the method of distribution, it can be swiftly done and data analysis can begin right away. The questionnaire keeps away from interviewer bias, guiding and cues that can impact the legitimacy and reliability of the data collection. Large amounts of information can be collected from a large number of people in a short period of time and in a relatively cost effective way Timeframe: The research study started from November 2013 to February 2014, Which Includes creating a survey questionnaire which includes validation, distribution, interpretation and evaluation of survey questionnaire, library research about the topic, collecting data and information, compilation of the study and revision of the study. Definition of Terms Bar- the refers to is a retail business establishment that serves alcoholic drinks — beer, wine, liquor, and cocktails — for consumption on the premises. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Jamorndo. 2011) Bartender: -this refers to is completely focused on the guests. To make great drinks for the guests possibly utilizing the recipes ingredients prepared by the Mixologist. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Ditan. 2011) Beer bar- this refers to focuses on beer, particularly craft beer, rather than on wine or liquor. A brew pub has an on-site brewery and serves craft beers. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Rojo. 2009) Cocktail –this refers to is a kind of alcoholic mixed drink that contains two or more ingredients. As generally understood today, a cocktail requires at least one alcoholic component. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Trinidad. 2009) Cocktail lounge- this refers to is an upscale bar that is typically located within a hotel, restaurant, or airport. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Mellema. 2008) Fern bar- this refers to is an American slang term for an upscale or preppy (or yuppie) bar. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Souza. 2012) Flair bartending –this refers to is the practice of bartenders entertaining guests, clientele or audiences with the manipulation of bar tools (e. g. cocktail shakers) and liquor bottles in tricky, dazzling ways. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (James 2010) Full Bar –this refers to serves liquor, cocktails, wine, and beer. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Katsigris. 2009) Mixology- this refers to is another term for mixing drinks or bartending and a Mixologist is another term for a bartender or bar chef. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Aloni. 2010) Mixologist: -this refers to designs cocktails that are seasonal and / or aligned with the style of the establishment †¢ Prepares any house-made syrup, tinctures, bitters, or other ingredients that a bartender will need for service. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Phillipou. 2008) Restaurant –this refers to is a business establishment which prepares and serves food and drink to customers in return for money, either paid before the meal, after the meal, or with a running tab. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of ( Bosh. 2008) Wine Bar- this refers to is an elegant bar that focuses on wine rather than on beer or liquor. Patrons of these bars may taste wines before deciding to buy them. Some wine bars also serve small plates of food or other snacks. This refers to the findings/ conclusion and analysis of (Nash. 2009) Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Foreign Literature The first step in evaluating the flavor in food is to determine the dominant flavors present. As previously noted, there is a range of flavor types that includes flavors such as fruity, nutty, smoky, cheesy, buttery, herbal, meaty, umami, and earthy. While this may seem straightforward, the perception of the flavor is impacted by the interrelationships of salt, sugar, acids, and texture as well as by the in-mouth flavor identification process. flavor intensity and flavor persistency while flavors in food or wine may not be the most important element driving pairing decisions; they are generally the most interesting. It is important to note that flavors in wine come from different sources than flavors in food, and so wine flavor words such as fruity, spicy, or herbal are generally metaphoric in nature. As noted in chapter 9 in regard to spiciness, do not assume that wine and food make a good match just because they can be described with the same adjectives. In most cases, It is easier to match the food with wine based on contrasting flavors. There are plenty of reasons why people who visit a bar choose not to drink alcohol but still want to enjoy the atmosphere with friends who do. For the non-drinking guest the typical alternative to a cocktail used to be a bar-gun-dispensed soft drink. Not anymore! Thanks to the ever-expanding ranks of bottled water, tea, juice, energy drinks, alcohol-free beers, and other nonalcoholic beverages, there are incredible options for making sophisticated and flavorful mock tails, as they are often called. Alcohol-free drinks offer a serious opportunity for incremental sales. Mixology is the study and practice of mixing liquids and other ingredients to create cocktails. Although standardized recipes are available, each bar can showcase its innovation and creativity through artistic presentation of the drinks and the bartender’s showmanship in preparing the drink. Mise en place in the bar means preparing all the needed equipment, ingredients, materials and supplies prior to opening the bar customers. Alcoholic cocktails require at least one liquor . Generally, the more types of alcoholic beverages required, the lesser amount per type is needed. When a recipe calls for one part of a certain ingredients, this means one measurement of your jigger, two parts means double your jigger, etc. NOTE: Be sure you jigger is clean and in good condition . A speed pourer is used for this method. You need to practice using this gadget in order to be confident in using it and be consistent/ accurate in measuring. Among the three measuring method, this Is considered very professional. Refer to Opening Equipment/Bar Tools. This method does not require any measuring equipment when making drinks in a glass. The two-finger method is fast and at least roughly accurate. It also looks more professional than the jigger method. This system uses an automatic machine to pour the exact amount of alcoholic beverage into a glass/container. This eliminates accidental over pours and even dishonest bartenders who deliberately over pour for family members, friends, or regular customers to increase their tips. Order taking and serving drink a premium or top shelf drinks is an order made from the most expensive liquor of the bar while a call drink is an order which made from a specific base liquor but not the most expensive. For wine orders, a house wine refers to the restaurants / bars cheapest/ordinary brand of red or white wine. An up drink means the guest wants the order chilled and strained into a Martini glass. An up drink means the guest wants the order chilled and strained into a Martini glass. A drink with a twist means the bartender is requested to rub the rim of the glass with a lemon/lime twist, twist it over the glass to extract the oil and drop it over the drink. Floating a drink means the bartender adds liquor on top of a drink. Free pouring allows the bartender to use a speed pourer, not a jigger or measuring device. Neat drink is an order served without ice served in a shot glass or an old-fashioned glass – Washington 2012 THE STRUCTURES OF WINE PRODUCTION Nature of wine shapes how it is viewed – but so does the organization which makes it. This chapter considers the different kinds of wine producer around the world, their organizational structure and how the varying background of each moulds their perspective on what they make. It first examines the smallholder and farmer, then co-operatives and negociants. These are predominantly based in europe, and tend to have quite a long history as organizational structures. Consideration then moves to family companies. Following that large producers throughout the world and, in the new producing countries, the role of the boutique producer, will be examined; both of these tend to be the most modern business types used in the wine industry. This is important given that the family operation making bulk wine primarily for their, own consumption is dying out. The second and dependent question is to examine how each of these categories views their wine. Contextually, however, it is useful to remember the difference between management and ownership. Staffs who work in the organization may have a different perspective from those to whom it belongs. The Champagne house, Krug is a good example of this. The company is part of the luxury goods conglomerate Moet Hennessy-Louis Vuitton (LVMH) The house of Krug is still run by the family who founded it – reporting to LVMH management. They may, however, have family traditions and a sense of family reputation to uphold, which could conflict with the company’s goals. The family member who is the senior winemaker may have aims which are different still – distinct from both the shareholders aim for profit and the family’s stewardship of their heritage. (It must be stressed that this is only an example, and there is no suggestion of conflict between the Krug family and their parent company. )–James 2011 FOOD AND BEVERAGE: MANAGEMENT AND COST CONTROL The four basic stages are: Preparation control or production planning or volume forecasting, standard yield, Standard recipe, and Standard portion size . The essential information required to eliminate over production includes An accurate forecast of the number of portions of each menu item which will be served. The number of raw pounds of merchandise required to produce, the number of raw pounds of merchandise required to produce the number of forecasted portions. They are Planning Sales Analysts, Popularity Ratio, Portion Sales History, and Cycle Menu. Chavez. 2009 Foreign Studies Selecting development projects that will lead to success Often the number of potential research, development and design projects is greater than it is possible to carry out. The limited resources and skills compel the managers to select projects from those proposed. A comprehensive description of different selection methods is presented. Martino, 2009 RD processes contributing to new product success From the perspective of RD management, in practice, seeking new product success might be challenging, seeing that prospects of success likely vary from phase to phase in the RD process. In this study, the model presented in Figure 1 Literature analysis Innovation has been object of numerous studies in literature, notwithstanding, there is not a general definition of the term â€Å"innovation†, thus generating greater ambiguity. However, innovation may be defined as the successful introduction of something new and useful, for example new methods, techniques, or practices or new or altered products and services. Donaldo. 2010 Responsive and timely NPD has become even more critical in the today’s highly competitive global environment. The need to respond quickly to these dynamic forces requires every company to integrate rapidly the perspectives and needs of product developers as well as of the customer. As for the food industry, such context has seen significant advances in the packaging sector, with the development of active and intelligent innovations. These advances have led to improved food quality and safety. Donaldo. 2011 Economic analysis Recouping the investments in NPD is crucial for ensuring company’s competitiveness and generating future revenue from the new products. For this reason, we have conducted an economic analysis of the NPD process of Easy snap, following the main phases of the process, as described in the section above. Martin, 2010. SAGARMATHA RESTAURANT Summary The aim of the research was to show how satisfied the customers in Restaurant Sagarmatha are, and if the Restaurant provides quality service or not. The research was carried on as a questionnaire survey enhanced by a structured interview and observation performed by the author. The data collection methods and the implementation plan remained the same from the very beginning to the end of the process. The Collection of data was fluent and fairly easy to collect during the work placement of the author and good connections with the respondent. The majority of the respondents in the customer satisfaction questionnaire survey were female. The structured interview was taken with 3 customers in Restaurant Sagarmatha. Mainly the customers between the ages 26 and 30 were more than others. The author has distributed the respondents as African, Asian, European and American. Among these, most of the respondents were European and African. Most respondents had noticed the Nepalese Restaurants by hearing from friends, relatives, website and family. By hearing from friends and from the website the respondents were encouraged to visit in Restaurant Sagarmatha. The majority of the respondents visited Restaurant Sagarmatha daily. Daily visiting customers are more than customers visiting once a week. Total of 100 percent of the respondents intend to visit Restaurant-Bar Sagarmatha. Ghimire. 2009 Local Literature BAR SET UP AND SERVICE The basic Preparations for Bar Set-Up, first check the cleanliness and condition of the following: Bar counter Bar storage area Bar stools. Also Check the bar station Check available stocks against the par stock list Make a requisition to replenish stocks Re-stock the bar station, insure that stocks are clean and properly arranged. Most countries, including the Philippines, require a license before a bar or restaurant can sell alcoholic drink. Likewise, many do not allow alcoholic beverages to be served to minors below 18 years of age. There are wines though those are permitted for minors. There are also permitted hours for selling alcohol. Basic rules in serving beverages and alcoholic drinks There are basic fundamentals in basic mixing rules; use only ingredients of highest quality, always remember a drink is no better than its poorest ingredients. Also include that plenty of ice first requisite of good mixing, you also need to measure all ingredients to avoid minus-added. When it come in mixing, drinks on shaken with ice for dillusion, also chill all glasses for chilled drinks, do not put glass in freezers. The best way to put in mixing drinks is Simple Syrup always use the right glass for every drink, mixing can be done in a right glass use jug or cocktail shakers clear mixtures should be stirred. Prepare fruit juice before use add sparkling liquids last so they retain lite beer should become cold, never served beer with ice. Lastly always have all necessary ingredients and all bar supplies ready. Dela Vega. 2010 Biotechnology Product Development, Bio-safety Regulation and Environmental Risk Assessment in the Philippines The application of modern biotechnology is recognized as the potential answer to the growing problems of food security (i. e. , the ability to provide adequate and affordable food), poverty and environmental degradation, particularly in developing countries. The challenge for these countries is how to benefit from the application of these technologies considering their lack of necessary bio-safety regulation and intellectual property management capacity. The aim of this study was to find out if the Philippine biosafety regulation system is effective, if it protects intellectual property rights (IPR) and if it has the capacity to respond to the potential increased pace in biotechnology product development. The results of the study show that: (a) the current Philippine Biosafety Guidelines are consistent with the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000); (b) efforts are being made to enhance human resource and infrastructure capacity for research and development, and bio-safety regulation; (c) due to resource limitations, research and development efforts focus on testing the applicability of technologies developed in other countries to local conditions. These studies are less costly but can contribute significantly to the knowledge and science on biosafety; (d) Bt corn1, the first genetically modified crop approved for commercial release in the Philippines, underwent several stages of risk assessment before it was approved for commercial release; and (e) the intellectual property rights related to biotechnology are protected under the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (1997). It can be concluded that in the Philippines, bio-safety regulation and intellectual property management systems have been effective in regulating the use of biotechnology materials and in providing IRP protection. The Philippine Bio-safety Regulation System can adequately cope with bio-safety regulation requirements at the current level of agricultural biotechnology research and development in the country. Penalba. 2012 Full-Service Restaurants in the Philippines EXECUTIVE SUMMARY After reporting a flat performance in 2011, full-service restaurants rebounded in 2012 as the upbeat economy encouraged more chained players to open up more outlets in promising locations. There has also been an improvement in value sales per outlet as Filipinos are willing to spend more per transaction. Operators’ launches of group meals have also been well-received by value-conscious diners. In 2012, full-service restaurants value sales grew by 3% and reached Ps100. 3 billion. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE Full service restaurants in the Philippines is dominated by independent players, which accounted for an 84% value share of total sales in 2012. Among chained players, local player Max’s Inc contributed the largest portion of sales at 2%. With its tagline ‘The house that fried chicken built’, the Max’s brand has developed a patron base that is loyal to its home-cooked fried chicken. Pancake House Inc, the biggest casual full-service restaurants dining operator in the country, follows Max’s Inc with a value share of 2%. Philippine Pizza Inc, the operator of Pizza Hut restaurants, occupies the third spot with 2%. PROSPECTS Full-service restaurants will see a challenging forecast period with dismal growth prospects. This category will witness the closure of more outlets especially among provincial independent players. The entry of more chained fast food restaurants in provincial areas could potentially lead to the closure of more independent outlets. It should be noted that provincial consumers gravitate to newly open popular chained fast food brands, and dining out in these outlets is a good treat for their children. Over the next five years, the constant value CAGR is set to be marginal, with total revenue inching up to Ps100. 9 billion in 2017. Della Cruz. 2009 Local Studies New Product Development Stages For new product development market research, the question becomes one of matching the stage of new product development with the right creative or product market research method. We use the Marketing Intelligence Platform to guide the use of the three forms of Intelligence Ideas, Data, Drivers to the product development process. We provide consulting and specific new product research market research capabilities at each new product development stage. Using Market Research In Product Development Market research can be used at all stages in the product life cycle, as illustrated in Figure 1 and explained in the following sections on applications for market research. Castillo. 2009 Relevance Review of Related The relevance of the RRL to the study is it will serve as a guide to the research study which compose of different kinds of related studies came from the books and internet. RRL really help us to make this research study to be more accurate and precise. Chapter III Research Methodology Research Method Used Descriptive Method In this study use students which defines as research of statistics. It is logical and primarily focuses on numeric data. However, it is not analytical because it does not look at why certain trends within statistics occur. The description is used for frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Often the best approach, prior to writing descriptive research, is to conduct a survey investigation. Qualitative research often has the aim of description and researchers may follow-up with examinations of why the observations exist and what the implications of the findings are. Kennedy. 2012 Sampling Procedures The group use a random sampling which defines as In a simple random sample (SRS) of a given size, all such subsets of the frame are given an equal probability. Furthermore, any given pair of elements has the same chance of selection as any other such pair (and similarly for triples, and so on). This minimises bias and simplifies analysis of results. In particular, the variance between individual results within the sample is a good indicator of variance in the overall population, which makes it relatively easy to estimate the accuracy of results. Johansson. 2011 Respondents Table 1 Gender Gender Frequency Percentage Male 36 72% Female 14 28% Table 1 shows that majority of respondents comprises of males which is 72% while the least of respondents comprises female which is 28%. Table 2 Age Age category Frequency Percentage 15 – 20 31 62% 21 – 25 15 30% 26 – 30 4 8% Table 2 show that majority Age of respondents consist of 15 – 20 years old which is 62% while the least of respondents 26 – 30 years old fall into 8%. Table 3 Year Level Year Category Frequency Percentage 1st 4 8% 2nd 6 12% 3rd 11 22% 4th 29 58% Table 3 shows that majority Year Level of respondent compose of 4th years students which is 58% while the least of respondents number compose of 1st year students which is 8%. Data Gathering Procedure 1. Formulating of Survey Questionnaire 2. Validation of Survey Questionnaire 3. Distribution of Survey Questionnaire 4. Retrieval of Survey Questionnaire 5. Interpretation of Survey Questionnaire 6. Evaluation Statistical Treatment data Percentage Formula Study it below carefully before looking at the examples We will take examples to illustrate. Let us start with the formula on the left an important thing to remember: Cross multiply It means to multiply the numerator of one fraction by the denominator of the other fraction. Weighted Mean Formula Where, x? = weighted mean. xi = x1,x2,x3 = Items given. And fi = f1, f2, f3 = Frequencies corresponding to the given items. Chapter IV Findings Table 4 Gender Gender Frequency Percentage Male 36 72% Female 14 28% Table 4 shows that majority of respondents comprises of males which is 72% while the least of respondents comprises female which is 28%. Table 4 Age Age category Frequency Percentage 15 – 20 31 62% 21 – 25 15 30% 26 – 30 4 8% Table 4 show that majority Age of respondents consist of 15 – 20 years old which is 62% while the least of respondents 26 – 30 years old fall into 8%. Table 5 Year Level Year Category Frequency Percentage 1st 4 8% 2nd 6 12% 3rd 11 22% 4th 29 58% Table 5 shows that majority Year Level of respondent compose of 4th years students which is 58% while the least of respondents number compose of 1st year students which is 8%. Analysis Table 6 5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Adjective Rating Flaring 1. 4 1. 52 .9 0. 08 0 3. 9 Very Satisfied Mixing 1. 5 2. 16 .42 0 0. 02 4. 1 Very Satisfied Bartending 2. 1 1. 12 0. 9 0 0 4. 2 Very Satisfied Table 6 shows that respondents give a very satisfied of rating on flaring, mixing and bartending. Table 7 5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Adjective Rating Tricks/Exhibitions 1. 8 1. 6 .54 .12 0 4. 06 Very Satisfied Entertainment 1. 5 1. 92 .42 .16 0 4 Very Satisfied Promotions 1 1. 92 .84 .08 0 3. 84 Very Satisfied Skills 1. 5 1. 84 0. 6 0. 04 0. 02 4. 6 Highly Satisfied Table 7 shows that Tricks/Exhibitions, Entertainment and Promotions give a Very Satisfactory rating by respondents in terms of Bar Mixology Flaring assessment. While in Skills give a Highly Satisfactory rating. Table 8 5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Adjective Rating Menu 1. 5 2. 4 0. 3 0 0 4. 2 Very Satisfied Bar Equipments .8 2. 72 .48 0 0 4 Very Satisfied Facilities 1. 2 1. 92 .78 0. 04 0 3. 94 Very Satisfied Table 8 shows that Menu, Bar Equipments and Facilities give a very satisfactory rating by respondents in terms of Bar Mixology’s stability of equipments and tools. Table 9 5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Adjective Rating Security 1. 3 2. 16 0. 54 0 .02 4. 2 Very Satisfied Servers Approach 1. 4 2. 16 0. 54 0 0 4. 1 Very Satisfied Space Area 1. 1 2 0. 84 0 0 3. 94 Very Satisfied Ambiance 1. 5 1. 52 0. 96 0 0 3. 98 Very Satisfied Lights/Sounds Equipments 2 1. 2 0. 78 0. 08 0 Very Satisfied(4. 06) Very Satisfied Table 9 shows that Security, Servers Approach, Space Area, Ambiance and Light/Sounds Equipments give a Very Satisfactory rating by respondents in terms of Appraise of Accommodations. Table 10 5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Adjective Rating Foods/Dishes 1. 9 1. 92 .42 0 0 4. 24 Very Satisfied Liquors 1. 2 2. 24 .54 0. 04 0 4. 02 Very Satisfied Non-Alcoholic Drinks/Cocktails 1. 7 1. 68 0. 72 0 0 4. 1 Very Satisfied Table 10 shows that Food/Dishes, Liquors and Non-Alcoholic Drinks/Cocktails give a Very Satisfactory rating by respondents in terms of attaining quality of items. Table 11 5 4 3 2 1 Weighted Adjective Rating Beer Pong 1. 7 2. 24 0. 24 0. 04 0 4. 22 Very Satisfied Party Nights 1. 3 2. 08 0. 54 0. 08 0. 02 4. 02 Very Satisfied Live Bands 1. 9 1. 92 0. 42 0 0 4. 24 Very Satisfied Table 11 shows that Beer Pong, Party Nights and Live Bands give a Very Satisfactory rating by respondents in terms of appraise in different types of activities in Resto-Bar. Conclusion Shows that respondents give a very satisfied of rating on flaring, mixing and bartending. Shows those Tricks/Exhibitions, Entertainment a

Free Essays on Political Socialization

The English Renaissance The term renaissance is a French word meaning â€Å" rebirth† The English renaissance marked changes in people’s values, beliefs, and behavior. The English Renaissance changed the way people think about life and culture. There were five reasons why it changed the way people think is â€Å"humanism, trade and exploration, scientific developments, the printing press, and the Reformation. I’ll briefly go over one by one how these five reasons changed and created a rebirth of culture and learning in England. Humanism: the humanists studied Latin and Greek classics to discover new answers such as â€Å" what is a human being?† â€Å"What is good life† and â€Å"how do I lead a good life† Humanist aim was to use the classics to strengthen, not discredit, Christianity. Humanist also believe that Christian teach people how to live and how to rule. Printing press: The invention of printing press transformed the way information was exchanged during the renaissance. Before this only imfortmation was exchanged thorough books written by hand. The Hand written books was expensive and very rare. Than to inventor Johannes Gutenburg the books were printed easily and cheaply though the press and wrote his first book the Latin bible, at Mainz, Germany around 1455. The books were more available and more people read than ever before. Trade and Exploration: People started to wonder out to the known world with their ships. John Abot explored the northeast coast of North America, 1497. Vasco Da Gama explored the India and the cape of Good Hope, 1498. Balboa crosses Isthmus of Panama and sights the Pacific Ocean. Magellan leads a first expedition to circum-navigate the globe. Hernando Cortes conquers Mexico, destroying Aztec Empire, 1521. British East India company founded for trade with Asia, 1600. First permanent English settlement in North America established at Jamestown, Virginia, 1607, and the Mayflower lands a... Free Essays on Political Socialization Free Essays on Political Socialization The English Renaissance The term renaissance is a French word meaning â€Å" rebirth† The English renaissance marked changes in people’s values, beliefs, and behavior. The English Renaissance changed the way people think about life and culture. There were five reasons why it changed the way people think is â€Å"humanism, trade and exploration, scientific developments, the printing press, and the Reformation. I’ll briefly go over one by one how these five reasons changed and created a rebirth of culture and learning in England. Humanism: the humanists studied Latin and Greek classics to discover new answers such as â€Å" what is a human being?† â€Å"What is good life† and â€Å"how do I lead a good life† Humanist aim was to use the classics to strengthen, not discredit, Christianity. Humanist also believe that Christian teach people how to live and how to rule. Printing press: The invention of printing press transformed the way information was exchanged during the renaissance. Before this only imfortmation was exchanged thorough books written by hand. The Hand written books was expensive and very rare. Than to inventor Johannes Gutenburg the books were printed easily and cheaply though the press and wrote his first book the Latin bible, at Mainz, Germany around 1455. The books were more available and more people read than ever before. Trade and Exploration: People started to wonder out to the known world with their ships. John Abot explored the northeast coast of North America, 1497. Vasco Da Gama explored the India and the cape of Good Hope, 1498. Balboa crosses Isthmus of Panama and sights the Pacific Ocean. Magellan leads a first expedition to circum-navigate the globe. Hernando Cortes conquers Mexico, destroying Aztec Empire, 1521. British East India company founded for trade with Asia, 1600. First permanent English settlement in North America established at Jamestown, Virginia, 1607, and the Mayflower lands a...

Learning Mandarin Chinese

Learning Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese is a difficult language to learn, especially given its unintuitive pronunciations and use of characters rather than an alphabet system. Learning Chinese can be a daunting idea, and often many beginner students dont know where to start. If you are feeling overwhelmed, this guide can give you the basic building blocks of Chinese grammar, introductory vocabulary, and pronunciation tips to help you build a foundation in Chinese. Be sure to click on hyperlinked text to access each lesson. The 4 Mandarin Tones Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language. Meaning, the way a syllable is pronounced in terms of sound and tone changes its meaning. For example, the syllable ma can mean horse, mother, scold, or hemp depending on which tone is used. Mastery of the four  Mandarin tones  is the essential first step to  learning this language. The  four Mandarin tones  are high and level, rising, falling then rising, and falling. You must be able to pronounce  and  understand the Mandarin Tones.   Once you have learned the tones, you can start learning new vocabulary and phrases while learning pinyin Romanization. Reading and writing Chinese characters is the last step. Mandarin Pronunciation Guide There are 37 unique sounds in Mandarin Chinese, which consist of 21 consonants and 16 vowels. Through a myriad of combinations, around 420 different syllables can be produced and are used in the Chinese language.   Lets take the Chinese word for often as an example. The character  Ã¥ ¸ ¸ is pronounced as chng, which is a combination of the sounds ch and ang.   The sound  chart in this guide has audio files of all 37 sounds along with their Pinyin spellings. Pinyin Romanization Pinyin  is a way to write Chinese using the Roman (Western) alphabet. It is the most common of many forms of  Romanization, and is used in most teaching materials particularly for Western students learning Chinese. Pinyin allows beginner  Mandarin  students to read and write Chinese without using Chinese characters. This allows students to concentrate on spoken Mandarin before tackling the formidable task of  learning Chinese characters.   Because pinyin has many pronunciations  which are unintuitive to English speakers, it is necessary to study the pinyin system to avoid pronunciation errors.   Introduction to PinyinPinyin Pronunciation Essential Vocabulary Of course, there is a seemingly endless of vocabulary words to learn. Ease yourself in by starting with some of the most commonly used, everyday Chinese words. In order to refer to people in a conversation, you will need to know Mandarin pronouns. This is the equivalent to terms like I, you, he, she, they, we.  Mandarin words for colors  is also elementary vocabulary that can be easily learned. As you see different colors in your everyday life, try and remember the Chinese word for it.   Understanding Mandarin numbers  is also a good place to start. After you have mastered reading, writing, and pronouncing numbers, learning  calendar terms  (such as days  in  the week and months) and how to  tell time  will be easier.   Conversation Topics As you progress in your mastery of Mandarin, you will be able to have conversations. These lessons will prepare you for conversing about particular topics. All conversations start with a greeting. Learn Mandarin greetings  to be able to say hello or good afternoon! In introducing yourself, common questions might be where are you from? or where do you live? This handy list of  Mandarin names for North American cities  can help you respond. Many social events and get-togethers happen at restaurants. Learning  food vocabulary  and  restaurant vocabulary  can be helpful so that you know what to order or how to ask for help if you need another pair of chopsticks. If you are traveling in a Chinese-speaking country, you may be staying in a hotel or have to deal with banking in terms of withdrawing money, exchanging money, and so on. These  hotel vocabulary  and  banking vocabulary  lessons can be a good addition. Mandarin Grammar Mandarin Chinese grammar is very different from English and other Western languages. The first step is learning basic  Mandarin sentence Structures. For a beginner-level Mandarin student, it is also important to know how to  ask questions in Chinese  because asking questions is the best way to learn about a language and a culture. Particularly helpful questions to know include how do you say X in Chinese? or what does this idiom mean?  Ã‚   An interesting difference between English and Chinese is the use of  Mandarin measure words. For instance, in English one would say a piece of paper or a loaf of bread. In these examples, piece and loaf are measure words for the nouns paper and bread. In Chinese, there are many more measure words. Reading and Writing Chinese Characters Chinese characters  are the hardest part of learning Mandarin. There are over 50,000 Chinese characters, and a dictionary will typically list 20,000 characters. An educated Chinese person will know around 8,000 characters. And to read a newspaper you must learn about 2,000 to read a newspaper. The point is, there are a lot of characters! While the only way to really learn characters is to memorize them, knowing character  radicals  can give you some hints too. Engaging with beginner-level  Chinese text and books  can be a great way to practice. If you want to practice by writing Chinese online, here is how you can  write Chinese characters using Windows XP.

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture Essay

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture and Languages - Essay Example This essay is one of the best examples of comprehensive analysis of the Chinese political and economic systems. It also reviews cultural environment in the country. Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Africa. Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Today, the country’s economy has a greater potential to change the future prospects of the continent and world at large. The business culture of the country alongside the goodwill from its huge labor force has been instrumental to propelling the country to greater heights of development. According to the World Bank, China is the second largest economy considering its GDP. The Asian country is rich in culture and language owing to diverse nature of tribes and communities occupying the world’s most populous nation. The government recognizes the ruling party as atheist organization. However, China’s constitution acknowledges freedom of religion to all natives and foreigners. The government only permits people to practice one of the officially recognized religions that include Islam, Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism, and Protestantism. China’s main religious organizations are Taoism and Buddhism. The people consider Taoism as the folk history considering its long history among societies and ethnic groups in the country. The literacy rate of the country stands at 92.2 percent according to the World Bank report released in 2012 (Chow 2010). Business and Economics China is among few Asian nations with promising economies with large amounts of imports and exports. It is among the fastest growing economies in the continent, which include Japan, South Korea and North Korea (Chow 2010). Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Af rica (Chow 2010). Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Apparently, China’s economy has recorded remarkable performance for the last three decades with manufacturing and service industries accounting for the biggest percentage of exports. This has influenced the country’s GDP in positive direction (Chow 2010). Over 500 million Chinese can now afford decent living following various initiative of the government to lift citizens from poverty. Chances are high that China might emerge as the leading economy of the world by 2030 notwithstanding challenges regarding controlling its huge population (Lin 2012). It has the potential to become a modern, creative and high-income society. It is yet to implement strategies that will ensure it achieve its business and economic ambitions . As far as the country’s future prospects in business are concerned, China has the potential to turnaround it technological progresses to achieve greater development (Lin 2012). Apparently, China has a huge human resource base which key to growth and development of industries of various

MANAGING CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MANAGING CHANGE - Essay Example These achievements however, have been coupled with various drawbacks but with the application of economic theories with an illustration of the Contingency Theory such hurdles are to be tackled. The study provides recommendations on the various aspects that require adjusting for the economies to thrive even more. With the onset of the financial crisis within the past decade, the financial markets in the Gulf region have undergone various changes and institutions and business entities have adopted new market strategies to counter the implications of the crisis. The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf countries (GCC) - Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE) are keen to improve their economic competitiveness in the international market. From the early 1970s to the early 1980s the GCC member countries made significant developments in the financial front. The financial institutions were beneficiaries of the lucrative returns brought about by the abundant oil revenue. At the time up to the 1990s, the primary focus of the institutions was on short-term lending trade, building and construction and manufacturing. With the 1990s came global financial integration that entailed the carrying out of economic restructurings especially due to the effects of the Gulf war. Technological novelty and new market strategies centred on consumer-based services were adopted. Following the Gulf war was a variation of loan problems in banks across nations affected by it. The financial set-up of the GCC has overtime faced a number of challenges that revolve around the augmented role of the private sector in the financial market, the high demand for new financial services and the aspect of global participation. Efficiency and productivity are therefore a principal concern in this modern age. The countries in the GCC have links with banks that are expansively

John Locke Research Paper Essay Example for Free

John Locke Research Paper Essay Throughout history there have been many philosophers that impacted the world. Philosophers such as John Locke have shaped todays society in a number of ways. John Locke was extremely influential and has had some of the most lasting impacts on the ideas still to this day. John Locke has inspired a many of people throughout his lifetime and shaped the way for philosophers and great minds of the generations to come. John Locke was an English philosopher, born on August 29 1632, in Somerset, England. He was born into a Protestant family (Faiella 24). Locke’s mother died when he was an infant and he was raised by his father John, who is said to have had an influence on Lockes views (24). In 1652, Locke attended Christ Church College to study medicine (25). However, Locke found the ideals and theories of modern philosophers of his time more interesting than the material he studied while at Christ Church, which led to Locke never pursuing a career as a doctor (25). Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper sought out Lockes assistance to treat a liver cyst; Cooper soon became impressed with Locke and appointed Locke to be his advisor (28). Locke then joined the Royal. Society where he met individuals with whom he discussed mortality and religion, which resulted in the creation of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Powell, Jim Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property). Locke wanted to learn more and pursued a position in which he could examine toleration, education and trade, leading to Locke and Anthony Ashley Cooper working closely together (Powell, Jim John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property). Anthony Cooper was the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, and it was in the Shaftesbury household where some of Lockes most influential ideas came alive. Cooper assisted in forming Lockes ideas; it was within the Shaftesbury household during 1671 that the meeting, which resulted in the making of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, took place (25). Lockes friendship with Cooper became complicated, causing Locke to move to Holland where he became connected with the English Rebels (Faiella 29). Eventually, Locke was placed on a list of 85 traitors who were wanted by the English government as a result of his works (29). During 1683, Locke used an alias, Dr. Van Der Linden, to sign letters being sent to his peers (Powell, Jim John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke was offered a pardon offered by William Penn but, Locke wouldn’t accept the pardon because he believed he didn’t do anything to deserve his criminal status and he stood by his beliefs (Faiella 30). In 1686 while in Holland Locke was meeting with peers to discuss philosophical ideals and plot to overthrow King James II. Locke was later removed from the list of traitors (31). After the Glorious Revolution Locke returned to England and helped draft the Toleration Act of 1689 (31). Locke believed in many things as a philosopher, one of Lockes most known ideals was Natural Law. Locke strongly believed in Natural Law, which stated men have natural rights which cannot be given to you by rulers (Stephens, George M. John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). Locke also believed in the Social Contract, which stated that, a persons moral or political obligations should rely on an agreement in order to form a society (John Locke: His American Carolinian Legacy). Locke strongly believed that people lived in a certain State of Nature before there was society. Locke stated that the State of Nature was when people lived with no judge, no laws and no punishment for their crimes (Treatises on Government). Locke thought that laws of society existed for the common good of the population as a whole (Treatises on Government). People could not break the social contract because it would result in chaos (Treatises on Government). Locke also believed that the government existed to assist the needs of the people and if it should not fulfill its job to the people, people had the right to overthrow the government (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke believed that without a majority rule the social contract wouldn’t work (John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). Therefore, Locke wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding which was based on his beliefs and experiences (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke also wrote a Letter Concerning Toleration, which discussed an idea of religious toleration for everyone except Atheists and Catholics. (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke believed education is for liberty and that people learn by examples and that this is the way society should learn (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke also fought for freedom of the press and opposed the renewal of the act for regulation of printing (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Clearly, John Locke had a very big impact throughout the world, even though during his time he was viewed as a criminal for some of his ideas. Locke provoked revolutions in Europe, Latin America, and in Asia (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). John Locke influenced the Declaration of the Rights of Men, in 1789 while in France, which recognized property rights. (Stephens, George M. John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). Locke also influenced Montesquieus beliefs regarding the separation of powers (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Also one of Lockes greatest influences was his assistance in inspiring the French Revolution (John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). John Locke influenced the United States in a number of different ways. For example, Locke’s Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government inspired the American Revolution (Powell, Jim. John Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property). Also, In the Declaration of Independence it states how King George violated his contract with the colonist, which was influenced by Lockes ideas (Stephens, George M. John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution discusses property rights, which was also inspired by John Locke (John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). In the constitution the legislative branch has more power than a single official but has no veto power, another ideal of Locke (John Locke: His American and Carolinian Legacy). In conclusion, John Locke inspired many people throughout history with his strong beliefs and ideals. Locke was criminalized and wanted for his beliefs. Locke’s ideas have influenced not only England or the United States of America, but have resulted in a change in the world. Locke inspired people of his time, and implemented lasting ideas and changes in the government, and Locke inspired other philosophers. Philosophers similar to Locke have used Lockes ideas as a foundation to further mold the world we live in, and shape societies. John Locke has made a lasting impact and his ideas will continue to impact the world. Works Cited Faiella, Graham. †John Locke: His Life† John Locke:Champion of Modern Democracy New York: Rosen Group, 2005. 24-31. Print. Locke, John. Two Treatises on Government. 1690. Print. Powell,Jim â€Å"Jim Locke: Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property† The Freeman. Foundation for Economic Education. 1 August 1996. Web. 6 October 2014. Stephens, George M. â€Å"John Locke: His American and Carolinian legacy. † John Locke Foundation. N. D. Web. 2 October 2014.

Essay --

Describe the role and functions of the PCI security standards council â€Å"The PCI Security Standards Council is an organization created by the major credit card companies in an effort to better protect credit card holder data.† (Rouse, 2012) The council was formed in response to the increase in data security breaches that not only affected customers but also credit card companies cost. With PCI Security Standards Council being a open global forum, The five founding credit card companies – American Express, Discover Financial Services, JCB International, MasterCard Worldwide and Visa Inc. – are responsible for carrying out the organization’s work. Functions of the council include coming up with a framework of specifications, measurements, and support resources to help organizations ensure the safe handling of cardholder information at every step. This is done by managing the Payment Card Industry Security Standard (PCI DSS) and the Payment Application Data Security Standard. Identify/describe key requirements for data security standards The key requirements for the Data Security ...

Demand Side Management

analysis of demand side management in tneb ABSTRACT This paper introduces the concepts of Demand Side Management(DSM) and various areas it involves. The interest and necessary of DSM in TNEB is explained in the context of a number of much wider developments in power sector. It present a framework for DSM Techniques and factors to reducing T&D losses in TNEB. This explains various methods adopted for Energy Conservation in various sectors and helps to prevent global warming. DSM Demand Side management is the process through which a power utility manages the demand for power among all its Customers to meet its current or future needs.. DSM is an effective tools for improving energy efficiency and promoting energy conservation. The problems of the Indian power sector including TNEB traced to three root issues. 1. High T & D Losses. 2. Large commercial losses (Metering, Billing, Collection) 3. Low end – used efficiency of energy use. In TNEB it facing peak Power capacity shortages as well as the energy shortages. NOW A DAYS IN TNEB The Demand-11000mw Available-9000 mw Shortage-2000 mw The chronic power shortages have resulted in involuntary load shedding and interruptions. CONCEPT OF DSM DSM comprises all planning implementing, and monitoring activities and measures designed to improve efficient useto energy and encourage consumers to modify their level and pattern of energy use. DSM involves ?Using existing energy more efficiently. ?Reduction ofTotal quantity of energy consumed by uses through better load managements. ?Minimising losses in the Distribution network. ?Technology substitution. ?Shift demand from peak to off peak times. ?Enhancing energy efficiency. The TNEB have ample motivation to pursue demand management to the extent that it can. ? Improve service Increase revenue ? Decrease cost BENEFITS OF DSM Customer : Lower bills due to lower tariff. Society:Capital freed for other projects. Utility:Lower cost of service reduced cost of power. DSM TECHNIQUES The three concern of DSM Techniques are now a days adopted in TNEB ?Load curve modification ?TOD meters. ?Three shift operation and staggered off day. LOAD CURVE MODIFICATION 1. Peak clipping-System peak lo ad reduction at specific periods. 2. Valley filling-Building the load during off peak hours. 3. Conservation-Modification of the load shape through conservation. 4. Load building-Balance of load so that demand from different users peaks at different times. 5. Load shifting-Shifting load from on peak to off peak periods TOD METERS Installation of Time of day (TOD) Electronic meters would help in flattering the load curve by way of giving incentives / penalties to consumers during off peak / peak hours respectively. Now above 25 HP industrial services are provided TOD meters in TNEB. Three shift operation and staggered off day Encourage the industrial consumers for three shift operation and staggered off days to reduce the demands. REDUCTION OF T & D LOSSES Now the T & D losses in TENB is around 18% it should be reduced with in 10% of the standard. The factors reducing T & D Losses are 1. Network Reconfiguration. 2. Strengthening of Conductors. 3. Erection of Transformers at load center. 4. Load Balancing. 5. Improve joints and connections. 6. Laying Additional Linklines. 7. Increases HT : LT Ratio. 8. Proper Maintenance of Distribution Network. DSM FOR CONSUMERS DSM on the consumer side requires that a system of collection, analysis, and reporting on the consumer’s energy consumptions and cost be established. Sector wise electricity consumptions in Tamilnadu ENERGY CONSERVATION IN DOMESTIC ?Use only energy efficient (star rating) Appliances. ?Use only wires and appliances that have I. S. I. mark. ?Wiring must be carried out only by the licensed electricians. ?Do not use flexible wires for long distance. ?Maintain properly the electrical appliances and wiring. ?Use compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) instead of ordinary bulbs. It gives greater light and reduced the consumptions 5 times. ?Economy in the use of water will reduces the consumption of electricity. Provide Electronic ballasts to the tube lights. ?Provide Electronic regulators to the fans. ?Use micro – wave ovens heater for cooking purpose. ?Avoid open the refrigerator door frequently. Don’t put hot things in to the refrigerator. ?Use voltage stabilizers for the electrical equipments. ?Don’t use the power loads during peak hours. ?Switch off the lights & fans while leaving the room or house. ?Avoid using decorati ve lamps. ?Avoid switching on the water heater in the previous night for the requirement of hot – water in the next early morning. ?Utilise sun-lights for the maximum extend. A well planned house with number of windows and good ventilation reduces the energy consumption. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN INDUSTRIES Â ±Don’t use motors of higher capacity than required. Â ±Use required I. S. I shut connectors separately for each motors to maintain power factors. Â ±Maintain the machines and appliances properly and regularly. Â ±Change the worn-out bearings and avoid wearing – out due to friction. Â ±Ensure that the motor belts are in proper tight. Â ±Use different motors using instead of single high – horse power motor for different purposes. Use high efficiency pumps and blowers. Â ±If monthly consumption exceeds 10,000 units energy audit is necessary. Â ±Periodically modernize the appliances is essential. ENERGY CONSERVATION IN AGRICULTURE ?Replacement of inefficient agricultural pumps by newly Developed energy efficient pump set. ?Adopt water conservation principles. ?Provide shunt capacitors to the motors. ?Avoid unnecessary additional loads. ?Use P. V. C. pipes instead of steel pipes. ?Avoid bends and leaks in the pipes. ?Don’t operate the motors in two phase. ?Don’t use the low power factor rewound motors. ENERGY AUDIT It is verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of a technical reports containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit reduce energy consumption. CONCEPT OF ENERGY AUDIT ?Determine how and where energy is being used or converted in to one form to another. ?Identify opportunities to reduce energy usage and prevent energy losses. Energy Auditing involves ?Identifying energy losses. ?Segregating the losses into technical and commercial losses. ?Estimating the energy conservation potential of a system. Save Energy! Save Nation!!

Xacc/280 Wk2 Assignment Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance

Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance XACC/280 November 27, 2011 Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance The general goals of financial reporting are to keep an accurate and ethical record of all financial transactions of a company, while maintaining integrity and adhering to the generally accepted principles of accounting. The steps I took in the recording process for this assignment were to first make journal entries to accurately depict all financial transactions for the fictitious company. After making and double checking my journal entries, I entered them into the general ledger. This step might seem a bit redundant, but it is vital to have this information available in both forms—a day by day account, and an account by account analysis. Lastly I prepared the trial balance report for the same fictitious company. The steps I took support, and are in strict adherence to, the principles of accounting because: there are no fictitious entries, I made no attempts to understate income nor to overstate expenses, and I double checked my work to ensure accuracy. I made certain that I accurately recorded the information I was given, and ensured that it balanced out. The basic accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity) is fully satisfied, and the financial information I was given is accurately reported. I once had a wonderfully wise employer who was a CPA. He told me that all we can do is report the numbers we are given by our clients. If it does not pass the â€Å"smell test† then we can bring it to the client’s attention, but we should never accuse them of attempting anything resembling fraud. Make copies of the information given to us by the client, and keep those copies in the client’s file. That way, we can prove that the numbers we reported were the same numbers we were given to report.

navl operation amer cival war essays

navl operation amer cival war essays NAVAL OPERATIONS DURING THE CIVIL WAR At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, there was little reason to suspect that the United States Navy would play a very big role in the war. The Confederate Navy had absolutely no navy, nor did they have the ability to create one. The south did not contain a single plant that could create a marine engine. (Carrison, page #17) The government of the Confederate States got underway in the spring of 1861, totally unprepared from a naval standpoint to uphold the independence it had declared. (Confederate Forces Afloat, page #1) The Confederacy lacked the adequate means to conduct an offensive of defensive war. (http://sunsite.unc.edu/ page 1a) They needed ships to defend its long coastline and inland waterways, to carry war to its northern shores, or to conduct the foreign trade, vital to its existence. To this bleak outlook was added but limited hope to acquiring or constructing a navy. Nevertheless, inspired determination and ingenuity evinced particularly by the more than 300 able officers who resigned from the United States Navy to support the southern cause. These men culminated in the rapid appearance of many varied types of forces afloat under the Confederate flag. (http://sunsite.unc.edu/ page 2a) The States Navy provided the foundation for the events to follow. The seceding states confiscated small United States ships, such as revenue cutters, coast survey ships, and lighthouse tenders. They also purchased others from northern owners as well as southern owners. They quickly started building additional vessels better suited for warfare. (http://sunsite.unc.edu page #2a) Also, the states that seceded automatically took with them the naval forces they had already accumulated. As the war went on, the confederacy created a better defense for their major ports, inland waterways, and the souths vast coastline. The better defense included the ironclads and th...

Fascinating Tufted Titmouse Facts

Fascinating Tufted Titmouse Facts The tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) is a small, gray-plumed songbird, easily recognized for the crest of gray feathers atop its head, its big black eyes, black forehead, and its rust-colored flanks. They are quite common throughout the eastern part of North America, so if youre in that geographical region and want to catch a glimpse of a tufted titmouse, it may not be that difficult to find. Fast Facts: Tufted Titmouse Scientific Name: Baeolophus bicolorCommon Names: Tufted titmouseBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: 5.9–6.7 inchesWeight: 0.6–0.9 ounce  Lifespan: 2.1–13 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Southeastern, eastern, and midwestern United States, southern Ontario (Canada)Population: Hundreds of thousands or millionsConservation Status:  Least Concern Description Male and female titmice have similar plumage, which makes identification a little bit easier, and titmice can be tempted to backyard bird feeders, so you may not have to go far at all to see one. Tufted titmice exhibit some distinct physical characteristics that make them easy to identify; these traits are easily spotted under most conditions and are not shared by too many other species within their range. The key physical characteristics to watch for when trying to identify a tufted titmouse include: Gray crestBlack forehead and billLarge, black eyesRusty-orange flanks The characteristics listed above are most useful in confirming that the bird youre looking at is a tufted titmouse. But you can also look for other field marks characteristic of the species, which include: Overall gray color, with darker gray upperparts and lighter gray on breast and bellyLight gray legs and feetMedium-length, gray tail (about one third its entire length, head to tail) Habitat and Distribution Populations of tufted titmice stretch from the East Coast of the United States westward to the Plains of central Texas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas, and Iowa. The highest population densities of tufted titmice occur along the Ohio, Cumberland, Arkansas, and Mississippi rivers. Within their range, there are certain habitats that tufted titmice prefer- they are most common in deciduous and mixed-deciduous forests, especially those with a dense canopy or tall vegetation. Tufted titmice also occur to a lesser extent in suburban areas, orchards, and wetlands and can be spotted at backyard bird feeders on occasion, during the fall and winter months. Diet and Behavior Tufted titmice feed on insects and seeds. They forage on trees and can be seen on trunks and limbs looking for insects in the crevices of the bark. They also forage on the ground. Throughout the year, their preferred foraging locations can change. In summer months they spend more time foraging in the canopy of a tall tree, while in winter they can be spotted on trunks and in shorter trees more often. When cracking open nuts and seeds, tufted titmice hold the seed in their feet and hammer them with their bill. tufted titmice feed on a variety of invertebrates including caterpillars, beetles, ants, wasps, bees, treehoppers, spiders and snails. When feeding at backyard bird feeders, tufted titmice have a fondness for sunflower seeds, nuts, suet, and mealworms. Tufted titmice move along branches and over the ground by jumping and hopping. When flying, their flight path is direct and not undulating. The song of the tufted titmouse is usually a clear, two-syllable whistle: peter peter peter peter. Their call is nasal and consists of a series of sharp notes: ti ti ti sii sii zhree zhree zhree. Reproduction and Offspring Tufted titmice breed between March and May. The female generally lays between five and eight brown-speckled eggs in nests that are 3 to 90 feet high. They line their nests with soft materials such as wool, moss, cotton, leaves, bark, fur, or grass. The female incubates the eggs for 13 to 17 days. Tufted titmice typically have one or two broods each season. The young of the first brood usually help care for the nestlings of the second brood. Most of the hatchlings die shortly after birth, but if they survive, they can live for more than two years. The oldest tufted titmouse on record lived to be 13 years old. The tufted titmouse is fully mature and ready for reproduction by age 1. vandervelden  / Getty Images Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the tufted titmouses conservation status as least concern.  Researchers place the number of tufted titmice in the hundreds of thousands or millions. Their numbers have increased slightly in the past few decades, about 1 percent, and they have moved northward, from the southeastern U.S. to the New England region and Ontario, Canada. Since they are among the larger species of birds, competition is not thought to be a factor, but they may be moving northward to areas where there are more dense populations of trees due to climate change. Sources Tufted Titmouse.†Ã‚  Animal Spot.â€Å"Tufted Titmouse.†Ã‚  Tufted Titmouse - Introduction | Birds of North America Online.Watt DJ. 1972. Comparison of the foraging behaviors of the Carolina Chickadee and Tufted Titmouse in northwestern Arkansas. M.Sc. thesis, Univ. Arkansas, Fayetteville.

The Market Exposure of Three UK Mobile Company Essay

The Market Exposure of Three UK Mobile Company - Essay Example As computed in 2013, the number of registered customers of 3 telecommunication brand across the world is over 23.5 million. Â  There are a number of factors in the internal and external business environment of the telecommunication industry of the United Kingdom which leads to the vulnerability and added costs for the company, Three UK. The changes in the way people use mobile and internet technologies and the development of electronic commerce businesses are seen as opportunities for the telecommunication businesses, including Three UK. Â  Licensing of spectrums is an important business cost incurred by Three UK. The processes of the licensing of frequency bands for the telecommunication operators have high associated costs. The cost of spectrum licensing is the biggest cost incurred by Three UK. The company has to incur the costs of widening the network coverage through more spectrum allocation. For this, the company has set up numerous mobile network towers in various locations in the United Kingdom. For this purpose, either the company has to incur the fixed cost of setting up a new tower or it has to lease these operations to a third party company (Anselin, 2008). In both these cases, Three UK has to invest sufficient amount of money for the ultimate aim of a wider spectrum and network coverage. Also, the company has to continuously ensure that the licensing of frequency bands is acquired in an efficient manner so that the benefits of this kind of limited resource for the telecommunication business can be extra cted in the best possible manner.

Strategic Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Strategic Intelligence - Essay Example Strategic intelligence refers to all processes involving the collection, processing, analyzing and propagation of intelligence, which is essential in forming military plans and policies at both international and national level. A credible strategic intelligence has the potentials to foresight, visioning, motivation, integration of various systems to work together for a common purpose and the ability to partner and form strategic alliances. Strategic intelligence aims at collecting a wide range of data for corporations and militaries with the aim of helping in a certain campaigns such as military wars. It serves the basis for the long term planning and management of various resources. Intelligence services such as Central intelligence Agency of US, secret Intelligence are some of the intelligence services that are well developed. Strategic intelligence dates back to the US government during the cold war. General George Washington was an avid user of intelligence as he used intelligenc e to spy on British forces in Boston. This helped in the evasion of the British at Valley Forge during the continental army (Michael, 2001). In the US, the intelligence community composed of the National security Agency, the CIA, and the Defense Intelligence Agency, is responsible for collecting information, asses the accuracy of this information, define the reliability of the information, and propagate the information to decision makers. These decision makers use the information from intelligence agency and use it to make viable decision and disseminate it to the president and the senate where they use the same information to make policies governing the country. This information includes that of nuclear explorations and the security of the country and information concerning threats to the country. This intelligence agencies work with the approval of the president and their role is to provide information that will be used by the president and the senate to make viable

Strategic Plan (for school) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Plan (for school) - Essay Example Within the context of the paper, be sure to address the following components: In making a school prestigious in it's community, the principal, the teachers, and the staffs would provide and give their all in achieving this goal. It may take time, but as long as there is a will, ways will be available. In the past, where a basic degree was considered a rarity, it has now basically become a necessity, and it is to this degree that we shall find our students reaching standards greater than this. Even as we speak, the world is demanding more, and we find the need to meet these increasingly difficult demands. As a school set up for the people of Walnut City, we will support our community, its parents and its students to their goal to excellence in our society. At Apache High School, our students shall graduate and be imbibed with wide knowledge and fine character. (142 words) Apache High School is located in Walnut City, in Arizona less than one mile from the international border with Mexico. It is the sole public high school within Walnut City. The current campus, which opened over 25 years ago, is comprised of several buildings spread out on a campus that mimics that of a junior-college setting. The original plans were for the high school to house up to 1, 000 students.

The United States as the Hegemon within the World Economy Essay Example for Free

The United States as the Hegemon within the World Economy Essay Introduction Beyond the number of Great Powers that have played a central role in the international system since 1815, there is a body of historical theory which suggests that the working of the system has been critically dependent upon the role played by one central actor- the hegemon- that is responsible for the international order, both political and economic. Such a conception embodies both a theory of continuity, in as much as hegemons are important to the system in different historical settings, but also a theory of change since the rise and fall of hegemonies is a dynamic process. The hegemon plays the leading role in establishing an institutional environment which is favorable to its own interests (free trade, informal empire) but also accepts costs in being the mainstay of the system(providing financial services, a source of capital, and a pattern of military support). Hegemonic Stability and Adaptation Robert Keohane has refined and critiqued the argument that international order requires a hegemon, admits that a leadership role requires political will as well as material resources. This is obvious but important point has remained underdeveloped. From realistic perspective, foreign- policy adaptation is induced by changes in a state’s international power position. Its pace and scope depends on how the changes are interpreted, the relationship between assessment of options is thus key analytic issue. Turning First to constraints, in some classical real politic national leaders face inconsequential domestic impediments; the relevant environment is mainly or exclusively external. For example, rising states typically stretched declining hegemony thin by challenging their geopolitical primacy. This affected Britain dramatically at the turn of the twentieth century. As Japan and the United States built modern navies, Britain lost its global command of the seas. Although the Admiralty could have strengthened its pacific and American squadrons, the naval race with Germany took priority; Britain depleted its non- European fleets to concentrate on the East Atlantic. Hegemonic governments resist adaptation. But this inertia is even more pronounced than for similar states; internal interests and fixed institutional routines are not the only reasons. Governmental and many private elites typically view international relations and their role in them in ways that promote expansion rather than adjustment to constraints. Hegemonic Security System in United States Security hegemons reap advantages by organizing subordinate states. Recent scholarship has focused on economic leadership, while recognizing that a successful economic hagemon requires sufficient military power to protect its partners from threats to their autonomy. Those security arrangements are the context in which adaptation became a U.S. policy issue. Both Cold War blocs have been hegemonic security systems, even if, in retrospect, the Soviet Union lacked the economic strength to be a long- term system leader. For much of the post war period, the â€Å"ordering principle† of each was â€Å"boundary management†- preserving (if not expanding) the original coalition. There have been obvious differences between the two coalitions, as well as between them and traditional territorial imperiums, but key similarities as well. Security hegemonies, like economic ones, are sub systemic; the international systems has not been unipolar since the Roman Empire, if then, and attempts to make it so have invariably been self-defeating. For forty years, NATO has been the core of the American system. Hegemonic security systems likewise provide mutual benefits. Allies deny certain kinds of access to a hegemon’s rivals and perhaps provide it greater global reach. Soviet leaders have generously supplied arms to regional clients to promote their geopolitical arms vise-a visa the United States. Hegemonic states differ from others in two ways. One is the scope and impact of their structural power. Often a dominant state can change the rules rather than adapt its policies to them. Powerful states have more adaptive slack than others. Some times this is simply a function of aggregate capabilities. Even though the Soviet Union equaled and perhaps overtook the United states military during 1970s, American leaders still had the wherewithal to deter most threats, and thus to convince the attentive public that most commitments assumed during the 1940s and 1950s could be maintained. Structural power or relatively low vulnerability also means that hegemons can often force others to adjust to self-serving policies. Consistency as well as continuity is important in hegemonial relationships, and only the hegemon can ensure them. Overall, consistency benefits most members of such coalitions. For smaller states, uniform rules and practices reduce uncertainty and risk aversion. This allowed most industrialized and many developing countries to focus on growth rather than comparative power position during the heyday of Bretton Woods. Decline of Hegemony in United States An important link between regime and hegemony theories is the theory of hegemonic stability first advanced by Charles Kindleberger (Keohane 1984; Gilpin 1987) in his analysis of the global economic problems following the crisis of 1929. In this perspective, particularly popular in the United States, single hagemons fulfill their leadership role better than groups of states. Thus, during the nineteenth century, Great Britain had a positive function as economic hegemon. Though the United States accepted this useful role after World War II, according to this theory, many current problems of the world economy can be traced to its partial loss of leadership capacity. In this perspective, hegemony is not identical to oppressive dominance. In the perception of hegemonic stability theory, hegemons establish international regimes, i.e., orders as a public utility, which dissolve with the decline of hegemony. The neorealist position in the formulation of keohane has modified this thesis. Although the construction of central regimes depends upon a hegemon, once they have become institutionalized they may well survive hegemonic decline. In fact, despite the decline of U.S. hegemony, important international regimes have not come apart completely, although they experienced profound crises. An example of an international regime that has come under pressure during hegemonic decline without fully disintegrating is the General Agreement on taraffis and Trade (GATT), which suffered setbacks during the 1970s and 1980s; within its framework ever more acute economic tensions are played out between North America, Western Europe, and Japan. Reference Clark, lan. (1989). The Hierarchy of States: Reform and Resisitence in the International Order: Cambridge University Press. pg106 Dr. Bornschier, Volker, Bosch. (1996). Western Society in Transition: Transection publishes. London. pg134 Lepgold, Joseph. (1990). The declining Hegemon: The United States and European Defense, 1960-1990. Greewood publishing group. pg34 Mastanduno Micheal, Lake A. David, Ikenberry John G. (1988) The State and American Foreign Economic policy: Cornell University press: pg 41, 48